How the eye sees

When looking at something, how do you know what you are seeing? What process does your body go through to identify an object?
When looking at an object, light is either reflected off or absorbed by the object. The color that is absorbed by the object is not eeen by the human eye, but the colors that are reflected from it are. The light first passes through the cornea, then through the pupil. The lens then focuses images on the back of the eye in the retina.